IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR BIOLOGY THEORY EXAM - MAHARASHTRA BOARD
BIOLOGY- I (2007 - 08)
CHAPTER NO. 1 NATURAL RESOURCES & CONSERVATION
1) What are natural resources? What are their types?
2) Differentiate between.
a) Inexhaustible resources and Exhaustible Resources.
b) Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources.
3) What are the methods of conservation and management of water resources?
4) What do you mean by forest resources?
5) What is deforestation? What are the causes of deforestation?
6) What are effects of deforestation?
7) Describe how can forests be conserved?
8) Define endangered species. Explain the reasons for species to become endangered?
9) Explain various measures prescribed to protect endangered species?
10) Define endemic species. Give reasons of endemism?
11) What are the applications of remote sensing?
CHAPTER NO. 2 BIOTECHNOLOGY
1) Describe the structure of DNA?
2) Describe the process of replication of DNA?
3) Explain the structure of RNA and mention its types?
4) Differentiate between DNA and RNA?
5) Give an account of the process to produce transgenic plants? 6) Give applications of transgenic plants?
7) Explain the steps involved in DNA recombinant technology? 8) Describe the steps involved in making DNA finger print?
9) Explain the following terms:
a. Bioethics and biowar. b. Totipotency
10) Write notes on
a. Restriction endonuclease
b. Application of genetic engineering
CHAPTER NO. 3 BIOFERTlLISER AND MEDICINAL PLANTS
1) Define biofertilizers and mention its different types?
2) Why are biofertilizer preferred over chemical fertilizer?
3) Why are leguminous plants cultivated?
4) Give the importance of Rhizobium biofetitizer?
5) Write a short notes on Cyanobacteria?
6) Give the uses of the following plant.
a. Adulsa b. Neem c. Aloe d. Holy basil (Tulsi)
e. Shatavari
7) Describe the process of mushroom cultivation? Give the nutrition value of mushROOM
CHAPTER NO. 4 PLANT-WATER RELATIONS
1) Write short notes on a. Symplast pathway
b. Apoplast pathway c. Transmembrane pathway
2) Difference between: Symplast and apoplast pathway.
3) Describe various factors which affect water absorption?
4) Describe briefly the root pressure theory?
5) Discuss the various theories for translocation of water?
6) Give significance of transpiration?
7) Explain mechanism of opening and closing of stomata?
8) Define transpiration and explain its various types?
9) Give scientific reasons:
a. Transpiration plays an important role in ascent of sap
CHAPTER NO. 5 PHOTOSYNTHESIS
1) Sketch and label the ultrastructure of the chloroplast?
2) Differentiate between grana and stroma
3) Give the role of pigments in photosynthesis
4) Define photosynthesis and give the significance of photosynthesis?
5) Why is 'Chlorophyll-a called an essential pigment?
6) "Photosynthesis protects us from harmful ultraviolet radiations of sun". Comment on the statement?
7) What is photophosphorylation? Differentiate between cyclic and non-cyclic reaction?
8) Give the diagrammatic representation of non-cyclic photophosphorylation and state its significance?
9) What is photophosphorylation? Describe the cyclic photophosphorylation and mention its significance?
10) What is Calvin cycle? Give the schematic representation?
11) Give an account of C4 pathway. Add a note on the anatomical pecularities of C4 plants?
CHAPTER PIO. 6 RESPIRATION
1) Give reasons "Mitochondrion is called power house of cell"?
2) Sketch and label the ultrastructure of mitochondrion?
3) Define respiration. Give an overall equation for aerobic respiration. Add a note on its significance?
4) What is fermentation? Write a note on alcoholic fermentation?
5) Explain the term glycolysis. How many ATP molecules are formed in glycolysis from one glucose molecule?
6) Describe the stages of Glycolysis. (EMP Pathway)
7) Give the schematic representation of Kreb’s cycle?
8) Describe (Krebs cycle) TCA cycle with its significance
9) Give diagrammatic representation of ETS.
10) Why are the reactions of ETS called terminal oxidation?
CHAPTER HO. 7 REPRODUCTION in ANGIOSPERMS
1) Give importance of double fertilization?
2) Sketch and label female gametophyte of angiosperms?
3) With a suitable example describe endospermic seed?
4) Write adaptations for entomophily?
5) Describe the development of male gametophyte in Angiosperms?
6) Draw a labelled diagram of T.S. of anther?
7) Why is endosperm in angiospemic ovule considered as more efficient?
8) What is double fertilization? Describe the process giving significance. Add a note on post fertilization changes leading to formation of seed?
9) Mention functions of the following: i) Nucellus ii) Micropyle
Distinguish between perisperm and endosperm?
11) Explain the following terms? i) Syngamy ii) Siphonogamy
12) Write the advantages of self pollination.
Chapter No: 8 Plant Growth
1) Explain causes of seed dormancy.
2) Explain different types of seed germination?
3) Write a short note on: phases of growth.
4) Explain role of meristematic cells in growth.
5) What are growth promoters? Give functions of auxins and gibberellins.
6) What are cytokinins? Explain physiological effects of cytokinins.
7) What are growth inhibitors? Explain physiological effects of ABA and ethylene.
8) Define photoperiodism.
9) Describe phenomenon "Vernalization"
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS OF BIOLOGY - II (2007 - 08)
CHAP NO. 9 HUMAN POPULATION & HEALTH
1 Describe the patterns of growth curves.
2 What is addiction? Discuss the various types.
3 Explain different population control measures.
CHAPTER NO. 10 : HEALTH & DISEASES
1 Distinguish between communicable and noncommunicable diseases.
2 How are communicable diseases transmitted from their source of infection?
C.NO. 11 : HUMAN DISEASES & THEIR CONTROL
Distinguish between benign tumor and: malignant tumor.
Write a note on early warning signals of cancer
Write short note - Preventive and controlling measures of AIDS.
Explain the mode of transmission of Salomonella typhi
C.NO. 12 : IMMUNE SYSTEM & HUMAN HEALTH
1 Write a note on concept of immunity
2 Write a note on antigens on blood cells.
3 Write a note on antigens antibody complex.
4 Write a note of allergy.
5 Describe structure of antibody
CHAP. NO. 13 : BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES
1 Explain briefly the principle of ELISA test.
2 Explain briefly the principle of Widal test.
3 Give the main applications of sonography.
4 Describe the principle and working of sphygmomanometer.
5 Describe the technique of Angiography in details.
6 Write note on mechanism of working of heart.
7 Describe human blood corpuscles.
CHAPTER NO. 14 : BIOINFORMATICS
1 Write short notes on: Databases, Peripheral devices, Operating devices, CPU.
2 Give the main applications of Bioinformatics
CHAPTER NO. 15 : VERMICULTURE & FISHERIES
1 Comment on the feeding material of earthworms
2 Evaluate use of vermicompost as a biofertiliser.
3 Write short notes on: Marine fishery, freshwater fishery, Brackish fishery.
4 Describe the method of vermicomposting
5 Describe the fishing gears and crafts
CHAPTER NO. 16 CIRCULATION
1 Differentiate between open and closed circulation
2 Write note on circulatory system of cockroach
3 Differentiate between arteries and veins.
4 Write note on plasma
5 Give the importance of semilunar valve.
6 Describe internal structure of human heart.
7 Write note on conducting system of heart
8 What is blood pressure? Describe type of blood pressure and give factors affecting it.
9 Sketch & label :
i) Dorsal view of heart
ii) Ventral view of heart
iii) T.S. of artery iv) T. S. of vein
C.NO. 17: EXCRETION & OSMOREGULATION
1 Why is excretion an essential phenoHiiofl
2 Write a note on lungs as accesse , excretdn/&r..
3 Explain the process of osmoregulation of paramoecium and bony fishes.
4 With help of neat labeled diagram explain skin as an accessory excretory rgan.
5 Draw a neat-labeled diagram of malphigian corpuscle.
6 In woman, there are more chances of urinary infection Give reason.
Distinguish between - Proximal convoluted tubule and Distal convoluted tubule.
Sketch and label V.S. of kidney.
Sketch and label diagram of uriniferous tubule.
Give the function of kidney.
Give the importance of glomerulus.
What is ultrafilteration? How does glomerulus act as ultra filter of the body.
Give reason - The tubular part of nephron is greatly coiled.
Why is the composition of urine different from Glomerular filtrate?
Give reason - Desert mammals have longer loop of Henle
Write a note on selective reabsorption.
Write a note on tubular secretion.
Explain the role of ADH in urine formation.
With a neat-labeled diagram, describe the histological structure of kidney of man.
Describe the excretory system of man with the help of a neat-labeled diagram.
With the help of a labeled diagram,
Describe the physiology of urine formation
CHAPTER NO. 18 : NERVOUS CO-ORDINATION
1 Write short note on Meninges.
Write short not on Medulla oblongata;
Differentiate between Receptors and effectors
3 Give the importance of cerebrum.
4 Write short note on functional areas of cerebral cortex.
5 Injury to medulla oblongata causes sudden death give reason.
6 Describe reflex action with suitable example
7 Distinguish between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
8 Spinal nerves are always mixed. Justify.
CHAPTER NO. 19 : HORMONAL CO-ORDINATION
1 Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands.
2 Distinguish between "Adenohypophysis and Neuro-Hypophysis"
3 Differentiate between the effects of hypo secretion and hyper
4 Secretion of Somatotrophic hormone
5 Write a note on Prolactin.
6 Explain the role of TSH. Add a note on the disorders connected with same.
7 Write a note on Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
8 Describe morphology and histology of pituitary gland.
9 Write a note on Adenohypophysis and comment upon the role of hormones secreted by it.
10 Give an account of position, morphology and histology of pituitary gland. Mention the names of hormones secreted by pituitary gland giving their functions (any 4 hormones).
11 Write a note on calcitonin.
12 Sketch and label T.S. of thyroid gland.
13 Describe the structure of thyroid gland and mention the names of hormones secreted by it with their functions.
14 Distinguish between cretinism and dwarfism.
CHAPTER NO. 20 : HUMAN REPRODUCTION
1 Describe the structure of sperm of man.
2 Give an account of accessory glands in human male reproductive system
3 Describe the physiological effect of testosterone.
4 Sketch and label T. S. of testis.
5 Give the importance of Sertoli cells.
6 Give importance of interstitial cells.
7 Describe male reproductive system of human with a neat labelled diagram.
8 What are the reasons for the discontinuity of menstrual cycle during pregnancy.
10 Give reasons - when the fertilization of ovum occurs menstrual cycle stops temporally.
12 Give reason - the fate of corpus luteum depends on fertilization of ovum
13 Explain blastulation,
14 Will a sterilized woman have rnenstrual cycle. Why.
15 Give importance of Corpus luteum.
16 Enlist the names and functions of hormones secreted by ovary
17 Draw a labelled diagram of human ovum
Where are fallopian tubes located? What is their functions?
Draw a neat labelled diagram of mature Graffian follicle.
2 Sketch and label the T. S. of ovary.
3 Give importance of vagina.
4 Explain fertilization.
5 Give an account of the female reproductive cycle and explain its hormonal control
6 Write about the changes in the uterine wall and ovary during menstrual cycle.
7 Describe the histological structure of ovary, giving a neat labelled diagram.
8 With the help of a neat labelled diagram, describe human female reproductive system.
9 What is menstrual cycle? Describe its phases. How are they controlled by hormones?
10 Explain gastrulation.
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